• Keep communication simple and questions to a minimum to prevent frustration.
• If they ask you the same question over and over, don’t point out they just asked it. Keep your answer short and to the point.
• Do not ask them: “Do you remember who I am?” Instead, introduce yourself and your connection to them. For example, say, “Hi, Sarah. It’s your next door neighbor Elizabeth.”
• Focus on the skills they have, not the skills they’ve lost.
• Keep distractions at a minimum. Lower the volume of the television or radio.
• Ask the caregiver what activities the person still enjoys.
• Be patient.
• Be reassuring.

• Do: Potassium. In your body, too much sodium raises your blood pressure, but potassium balances out the extra salt. Where do you get this potassium? Plain baked potatoes, for starters. Also try bananas, avocados, dried apricots, plain yogurt, raw spinach and cooked white beans.

• Don't: Sodium. Salt shows up where you don't expect it. Nearly half of the sodium we consume comes from 10 food categories: bread and rolls, cold cuts/cured meats, pizza, poultry, soups, sandwiches, cheese, pasta mixed dishes, meat mixed dishes and savory snacks.

• Don't: Harmful fats. Full flavor without all the fat is possible. Saturated and trans fats are two types of dangerous fats found in many commercial baked goods (think cookies and crackers) and animal products (red meat and dairy products like whole milk, cheese, sour cream, butter and ice cream).

Do's are - 

1. Start antibiotics locally as early as possible in infective conjunctivitis. 
2. Follow the drug schedule of your doctor. 
3. Complete full course of treatment though you feel better in a day or two to avoid relapse. This can lead to development of resistant strains. 
4. Open eyes frequently. 
5. Wash hands when apply medicines. 
6. Treat associated symptoms like fever, cold, allergy. 

Don’ts are - 

1. If one eye is affected never put medicines in another normal eye. 
2. Avoid applying same medicines in other members of family having normal eyes. 
3. Never share same bottle with two patients. 
4. Don’t throw tissues or material used by patient here and there. This spreads infection fast. 
5. In presence of infection do not visit public places like school, college, malls and parties. 
6. Do not go for swimming. 
7. Don’t wash eyes with saline or water unless purulent discharge, as by doing so bacteriostatic enzymes is washed out. 
8. Never bandage infected eye.  

Do's

• Use moisturizer: Blot your skin after bathing, then immediately apply a heavy unmedicated moisturizer while your skin is still moist. For very dry skin, oils may be preferable - they have more staying power than creams or lotions do and are more effective at preventing water from evaporating from your skin.<
• Use Sunscreen: Be sure to protect healthy skin with a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15. Apply sunscreen generously, and reapply every two hours or more often if you're swimming or perspiring.
• Eat a healthy diet: There's no evidence that certain foods will either improve or aggravate Psoriasis. However, it's important to eat a healthy diet, particularly when you have a chronic disease. A healthy diet includes eating a variety fruits and vegetables of all colors and whole grains. If you eat meat, focus on lean cuts and fish.
• Keep a food diary: To see what effect different foods have on your symptoms and avoid those foods that aggravate them.
• Cover the affected areas overnight: To help improve redness and scaling, apply an ointment-based moisturizer to your skin and wrap with plastic wrap overnight. In the morning, remove the covering and wash away the scales with a bath or a shower.
• Expose your skin to small amounts of sunlight: A controlled amount of sunlight can significantly improve lesions, but too much sun can trigger or worsen outbreaks and increase the risk of skin cancer. Keep a record of when and how long you're in the sun to help avoid overexposure.

Don'ts

• Do not skip your daily bath: Bathing daily helps remove scales and calm inflamed skin. Add bath oil, colloidal oatmeal, Epsom salts or Dead Sea salts to the water and soak for at least 15 minutes
• Avoid psoriasis triggers, if possible: Find out what triggers, if any, worsen your psoriasis and take steps to prevent or avoid them. Infections, injuries to your skin, stress, smoking and intense sun exposure can all worsen psoriasis.
• Avoid drinking alcohol: Alcohol consumption may decrease the effectiveness of some psoriasis treatments.
• Avoid hot water and harsh soaps: They can worsen symptoms. Use lukewarm water and mild soaps that have added oils and fats.

Do's

Milk: Milk is perfect to soothe and irritated oesophagus and stomach lining. When had cold, milk soothes a burning throat and its alkaline nature nutralises excessive acids in the stomach.  

Fruits: Fruits like banana, pears, apples and  other non acidic fruits are great to beat acidity. Not only do they contain vitamins and minerals (bananas are loaded with potassium) that help rebuild the damaged portions of the stomach wall but also protect your stomach lining from acid attacks.  

Honey: Packed with micro-nutrients and vitamins like vitamin A and C, honey has several benefits for the body. Not only is it a very efficient antibacterial agent but it also soothes an irritated stomach and protects the stomach lining.

Boiled vegetables: Boiled vegetables are easy to digest and assimilate by the stomach. Not only do they require less stomach acid to be digested, but they are also quickly and easily cleared from the stomach and sent to the rest of the intestine. This helps reduce the amount of time they sit in your stomach and bring down the possibility of suffering from acidity.

Water: 75% of our body is made of water and it is a very essential component when it comes to various essential biological functions of the body, one of them being digestion. But apart from that, water helps to dilutes stomach acids and improves the functioning of the entire digestive system. It also helps soothe and cool the burning sensation one feels in the throat and stomach during a bout of acidity.

Don’ts

Spicy foods: You might love those tangy and spicy dishes, but it is time to avoid these foods. Spicy foods tend to irritate the lining of the stomach, which in turn causes it to produce more acid. This leads to higher incidence of acid reflux or acidity. That being said there are a few doctors who believe that different people have different triggers and while for some spicy foods may trigger a bout of acidity, to others it might not. In a statement to WebMD, Dr Deepa A. Vasudevan said, ‘If spicy food triggers your heartburn, avoid it. Then slowly reintroduce milder versions of whatever you like.’

Oily and fatty foods: The main reason for acidity or acid reflux is the fact that in people with this condition, their LES (lower oesophageal spincter – the muscles at the end of the oesophagus that controls the flow of food into the stomach and prevents the backwash of acid into the throat) is weak and tends to let stomach acid flow into a person’s oesophagus. Here is where fatty and oily foods come into the picture.  Fatty foods generally lead to lowered pressure on one’s LES (making it flaccid), and delay the movement of food through the stomach into the other parts of the intestines (known as stomach-emptying). This leads to acid reflux and acidity.

Foods that you know lead to allergies: There are some foods out there that don’t suit people. While the allergens might be different for different people, knowing what they are is essential. These foods cause a reaction within the stomach, triggering a bout of acidity. According to Elaine Magee, author of ‘Tell Me What to Eat If I Have Acid Reflux’,  ‘As soon as heartburn strikes, jot down what and how much you ate.’ This journal will be an effective indicator of what is triggering acidity in you.

Avoid alcohol: Alcohol is definitely something you should stay away from. Known as a depressant and relaxant, the beverage is known to relax the LES and cause acidity. Moreover, the ethanol present in alcohol tends to increase acid content in the stomach. Apart from that alcohol also leads to dehydration causing stomach acids to become more concentrated. This irritation combined with a weak LES leads to acidity.

Meat: Meat, especially red meat is very difficult to digest and tends to sit in your stomach for a longer period of time. In order to cope with this load, the stomach produces more acid which in turn triggers acidity. Moreover cuts of meat with a lot of fat or made rare also increases your chances of suffering from a bout of acidity.

Citrus fruits: Being acidic in nature, citrus fruits are best avoided by people with acidity. If you still do crave certain foods, doctors suggest having them after you have had a meal as eating citrus fruits on an empty stomach can trigger irritation and acidity.

Coffee and tea: Just like alcohol, coffee and tea tend to relax the LES leading to acidity. Moreover, both coffee and tea are acidic in nature and can irritate the lining of the stomach. But if you simply must have tea, opt for the green variety. Green tea is not as detrimental to the stomach and can actually help control the symptoms of acidity.

Aerated drinks: They have been known to cause a number of conditions  like obesity, but carbonated drinks are one of the leading causes for acidity. The carbonated drink releases tiny bubbles inside the stomach when you drink them. This in turn applies pressure on the LES causing the stomach in your stomach to rise into your throat. Apart from that aerated drinks are innately acidic in nature and tend to raise the acid level in the stomach further worsening the condition.

Do's for asthma patients

Asthma patients must

1. Keep away from things that cause asthma.
2. Maintain a healthy sleep routine i.e. Go to bed early and get up early in the mornings.
3. Take morning walks and if possible perform yoga.
4. Don't smoke and avoid passive and second hand smoking.
5. Take a simple diet at regular hours.
6. Keep the house clean and dust free.
7. Keep away from smoke and dust.
8. Try and stay in pollution free environment.
9. Regularly consult the doctor.
10. Keep inhalers in hand.
11. Take medicines regularly and without fail.

Don'ts for asthma patients

1. Asthma patients must not disrupt their regular routine.
2. Asthma patients must refrain from smoking and drinking.
3. Asthma patients must avoid hard drinks.
4. Asthma patients must not over eat and avoid taking spicy food.
5. Asthma patients must not forget to take their medications and ensure to take these at correct times.

Do lose weight

If you are overweight, the extra weight will add to the strain on your knees. and keeping at a healthy weight will help prevent and ease the .

Don't risk a fall

Falls are a common cause of injury especially in the with around 1 in 3 over 65s experiencing a fall at least once a year. Doing regular exercises to improve your strength and balance can help you prevent a fall. To reduce the risk of falling, it is useful to have non-slip mats and rugs around the house, to remove clutter or trailing wires, and avoid walking on slippery floors in socks or tights. You might have to reorganise where things are in the house to reduce climbing,and bending. Don't hesitate to get help to do things you no longer can do safely.

Do practise PRICE

If you have injured your knee (or any ), Protect, Rest, apply Ice, use a Compression bandage, and Elevate (PRICE) the injured leg. Rest for the first 2 to 3 days after the injury. Apply an icepack or a bag of frozen peas wrapped in a towel for 15-20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours for the first couple of days but do not apply the ice pack directly on the . Wrap a compress or bandage around the knee to reduce the . Don't wrap it too tightly, and remove it before going to bed.

Don't rest too much

Keep your joints moving after an injury, or if you have , to reduce the pain. will protect and strengthen the muscles and ligaments around the joint. However, it's important to recognise when you feel and learn to relax.

Do try Tai Chi

Performing this form of Chinese regularly improves balance, co-ordination and movement and helps reduce the risk of falls.

Do low-impact exercises

, cycling and using a cross-trainer are recommended as low-impact exercises that will help your knee pain. When swimming the water takes the weight of your body and reduces the strain on your joints. Avoid high impact exercises.

Do wear low-heeled, well-fitted shoes with soft, thick soles for support

Trainers are best for exercise and you should replace them whenever necessary. A podiatrist should be able to advise you on the type of shoes you require and also the condition of your .

Do warm up before exercising and stretch to cool down

If you are new to , increase your activity levels gradually and do an activity you enjoy.